The prices are as follows:įor the online subscriptions, Audio Companion, a program that allows user to transfer lessons to their MP3 players, does not come with the program and must be purchased seperately. There is also the option of an online subscription which gives the user access to all three levels for 6 or 12 months. Rosetta Stone has the option of combining Levels 1 and 2 or combining all three levels for a lower price. In addition, students learn how to express opinions and judgements, talk about life milestones and emotions, and use political, media, business, or religious terms. Level 3 is for advanced students who want to improve their conversational skills at an advanced level. Learn Japanese Rosetta Stone Japanese Level 1 2 3 Set Version 3 +audio companion Fast and reliable. Whether you’re at home, traveling, or even in line at the grocery store, learning is easyjust plug in your ear buds and soak up the fun For even easier on-the-go learning and instant access to the Audio Companion, download our mobile app. Level 2 adds to Level 1 by improving on conversational skills while teaching locations, past and future tenses, celebrations, and emotions. The Audio Companion is designed for convenient, hands-free learning. Level 1 builds vocabulary, teaches spelling and writing, improves speaking ability and memory, and teaches basic Japanese such as time, dates, and introductions. Learn Spanish Fast for Adult Beginners: 3-in-1 Book: Speak Spanish The Fun and Easy Way in Just 21 Days. All versions of the program come with a headset to use with the voice recognition software. Windows 8 / 10 / 11 / 7, iOS, Mac OS X Intel, Android, Mac OS X 10.9 Mavericks. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Rosetta Stone V3: Japanese Level 1-3 Set with Audio Companion OLD VERSION at. The program uses a combination of picture recognition and voice recognition software to teach languages. Windows 8 / 10 / 11 / 7, iOS, Mac OS X Intel, Android, Mac OS X 10.9 Mavericks. Japanese is an East Asian language which is the national language of Japan and more than 125 million people speak Japanese language. Rosetta Stone offers more than 30 languages. Rosetta Stone Japanese with Audio Companion Overview. How far you take your language skills is completely up to you.Rosetta Stone is one of the most widely used language-learning software programs in the United States. Ready for a FREE Demo Chinese (Mandarin) English (American) English (British) Filipino (Tagalog) Our immersion technique creates a unique language-learning experience. Find out how it works with our free demo. Rosetta Stone goes beyond simply teaching basic vocabulary or phrases and is for anyone who wants to truly learn a new language. No translations, just connect images to words and sounds. Rosetta Stone Version 3 Japanese Level 1, 2 & 3 Set with Audio Companion. Fully immersive environment for long-lasting learning. Foreign language learning with Rosetta Stone© Version 3 Japanese Levels 1, 2 & 3 will enable y. All plans include: Bite-sized lessons available online and offline. And if you enjoy the language learning experience you can continue your lessons as long as you’d like and truly master a new language. Learn Japanese on any device, anywhere, the best way to learn a language online. Learning a new an entire new language before every trip isn’t reasonable or necessary but Rosetta Stone will get you started with the basics. Stories Dive into the world of literature and pick up new vocabulary by. The Rosetta Stone App is available in the following 24 languages: Spanish (Latin America), Spanish (Spain), English (US), English (UK), French, Japanese, Italian, German, Chinese, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Korean, Dutch, Tagalog, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Irish, Farsi, Polish, Swedish, Turkish, and Vietnamese. Audio Companion Conveniently listen and learn offline with downloadable audio lessons. The Audio Companion is designed for convenient, hands-free learning. How do I use my Audio Companion This product complements Rosetta Stone language-learning software. Use Audio Companion to continue the experience. The web version offers a total of 30 languages and the app offers 25. Audio Companion MP3 Guide Gua Guide Handbuch Guida Guia Start your journey with Rosetta Stone software. The only difference between the web and mobile version of Rosetta Stone is which languages are offered. I’ve used the web-based version in the past many times but this my first experience with the app.
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“Then the fraudster will say, ‘I’m going to send you the password and you’re going to read it back to me over the phone.'” “In the background, they’re using the username with the forgot password feature, and that’s going to generate one of these two-factor authentication passcodes,” Otsuka said. Otsuka said a phone fraudster typically will say something like, “Before I get into the details, I need to verify that I’m speaking to the right person. Ken Otsuka is a senior risk consultant at CUNA Mutual Group, an insurance company that provides financial services to credit unions. In reality, the fraudster initiates a transaction - such as the “forgot password” feature on the financial institution’s site - which is what generates the authentication passcode delivered to the member. To “verify the identity” of the customer, the fraudster asks for their online banking username, and then tells the customer to read back a passcode sent via text or email. The caller’s number will be spoofed so that it appears to be coming from the victim’s bank. Here’s what one of those scam messages looks like:Īnyone who responds “yes,” “no” or at all will very soon after receive a phone call from a scammer pretending to be from the financial institution’s fraud department. Last week’s story warned that scammers are blasting out text messages about suspicious bank transfers as a pretext for immediately calling and scamming anyone who responds via text. What follows is a deep dive into how this increasingly clever Zelle fraud scam typically works, and what victims can do about it. Naturally, a great deal of phishing schemes that precede these bank account takeovers begin with a spoofed text message from the target’s bank warning about a suspicious Zelle transfer. One of the more common ways cybercriminals cash out access to bank accounts involves draining the victim’s funds via Zelle, a “peer-to-peer” (P2P) payment service used by many financial institutions that allows customers to quickly send cash to friends and family. Doing so may disrupt your pup’s natural sleep pattern. Again, avoid giving the chews to your dog during the day. The melatonin in this chew caused some drowsiness in our dogs. Is proven to help soothe anxious pets, and the real chicken smells and tastes great (according to our furry friends’ reactions). L-theanine Trusted Source PubMed Central Archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature. Irish says clinical trials would be helpful for pet parents and vets. Hemp seed powder is a trendy ingredient, but it’s not proven to help with canine anxiety. We don’t recommend giving these treats to your dog during the day, particularly before you want to play. One word of caution: These chews contain melatonin, which induces sleep but doesn’t help with anxiety. The real chicken smells great and our pups got excited (in a good way) to take the treat. These air-dried calming chews have eight ingredients, including L-theanine. Instead, it leans into natural solutions. Native Pet doesn’t do long, confusing ingredient lists. The bag seals easily, so your pup’s chews will stay fresh. The chews are in a white bag that looks clean and streamlined. This supplement has a light-but-enticing meaty smell. Pet parents can choose from several flavors, including bacon and chicken liver. Vetriscience’s chews are highly palatable for dogs. These chews don’t have any ingredients known to induce drowsiness, making them great for daytime use. Though there isn’t much research on it yet, it’s thought that some of the proteins in this milk for newborns can help induce calmness. Vetriscience treats contain L-theanine, which is known to help soothe canine anxiety. We found that the chews work best during the day and for situational anxiety issues, like car rides. These calming soft chews live up to the brand’s reputation - we love the simple and safe active ingredients list. With medicinal levels of each active ingredient and a 98% absorption rate, LICKS is a next generation solution to pet ailments.Vetriscience teams up with veterinarians and nutritionists, making it a respected brand by vets around the country. For easy administration LICKS can be added to food, direct to mouth, or in a separate bowl. Each LICKS formula is made in the USA in facilities for human products and with ingredients made for human consumption. LICKS offers a full line of holistic remedies for dogs and cats. Unlike pills or chews LICKS comes in individually dosed, great tasting gel packets which allow for a 98% absorption rate. LICKS Pill-Free is an innovative new delivery system for high quality supplements. The Organic Ashwaghanda Root used in LICKS ZEN eases aggressive tendencies dogs may experience in stressful situations. Large gatherings such as birthday parties, 4th of July cookouts, Thanksgiving, and Christmas can also make your dog uneasy, LICKS ZEN helps ensure your dog is at ease even around new friends. Zen also relieves stress from thunderstorms and summer firework shows that typically disrupt your dog’s inner balance. Car rides and long travel periods can be a very stressful time for dogs, Zen helps to ease anxiety and keeps your dog calm during your adventures together. Zen is great to use with adopted dogs that are adjusting to a new environment. With a high number of active ingredients in each pre-dosed gel packet, Zen only requires 30-60 minutes to activate and keeps your dog calm for 4-6 hours. LICKS ZEN is a holistic calming remedy for dogs experiencing anxiety or aggressive behavior from thunderstorms, fireworks, travel, vet visits, kennels, or shelters. To learn more about how and for what purposes Amazon uses personal information (such as Amazon Store order history), please visit our Privacy Notice. You can change your choices at any time by visiting Cookie Preferences, as described in the Cookie Notice. Click ‘Customise Cookies’ to decline these cookies, make more detailed choices, or learn more. Third parties use cookies for their purposes of displaying and measuring personalised ads, generating audience insights, and developing and improving products. This includes using first- and third-party cookies, which store or access standard device information such as a unique identifier. If you agree, we’ll also use cookies to complement your shopping experience across the Amazon stores as described in our Cookie Notice. We also use these cookies to understand how customers use our services (for example, by measuring site visits) so we can make improvements. We use cookies and similar tools that are necessary to enable you to make purchases, to enhance your shopping experiences and to provide our services, as detailed in our Cookie Notice. Milesi-Ferretti, Gian Maria Lane, Philip. The external wealth of nations mark II: Revised and extended estimates of foreign assets and liabilities, 1970-2004. The determinants of cross-border equity flows. RePEc:eee:inecon:v:33:y:1992:i:1-2:p:57-76.Įconomic geography and international inequality. International investment location decisions : The case of U.S. RePEc:eee:inecon:v:46:y:1998:i:2:p:183-203.įoreign direct investment and relative wages: Evidence from Mexicos maquiladoras. Multinational firms and the new trade theory. Multinationals, multi-plant economies, and the gains from trade. The new open economy macroeconomics: a survey. New directions for stochastic open economy models. RePEc:eee:inecon:v:50:y:2000:i:1:p:155-183.Įxchange rate dynamics in a model of pricing-to-market. RePEc:eee:inecon:v:18:y:1985:i:1-2:p:83-100.Ĭollapsing exchange-rate regimes : Some linear examples. RePEc:eee:inecon:v:9:y:1979:i:4:p:469-479.Įxport subsidies and international market share rivalry. Increasing returns, monopolistic competition, and international trade. The nature and growth of vertical specialization in world trade. Uribe, MartÃn Schmitt-Grohé, Stephanie. Lee, Jong-Wha De Gregorio, Jose Borensztein, E. How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth?1. RePEc:eee:inecon:v:48:y:1999:i:1:p:7-35.Ĭurrency crashes in emerging markets: An empirical treatment. Networks versus markets in international trade. RePEc:eee:inecon:v:14:y:1983:i:1-2:p:3-24.įull description at Econpapers || Download paperĮxceptional exporter performance: cause, effect, or both?. %SC: Percentage of selft citations in y to articles published in y-1 plus y-2ĬiY: Cites in year y to documents published in year yĪII: Average Immediacy Index for series in RePEc in year yĮmpirical exchange rate models of the seventies : Do they fit out of sample?. IF: Impact Factor: C2Y / D2Y AIF: Average Impact Factor for series in RePEc in year y DOC: Number of documents published in year y CDO: Cumulative number of documents published until year y CCU: Cumulative number of citations to papers published until year y CIF: Cumulative impact factor CIT: Number of citations to papers published in year yĭ2Y: Number of articles published in y-1 plus y-2Ĭ2Y: Cites in y to articles published in y-1 plus y-2 But these particular traits were not distressing for me, despite the expectation for them to be. The hyperandrogenism and virilization associated with PCOS can cause great distress for many cis women, manifesting as a type of gender dysphoria. Not because of the associated health risks but because of its outward manifestations. It was always framed as invasive, unwanted, and ruinous. Even so, the more I read, the more I began to feel persuaded to regard my body’s hormonal architecture as a blight. I would soon come to understand that PCOS treatments were often simply gender-affirming care for cis women-measures taken to ensure that they could continue to “feel like women.” The resources I found offered remedies to help lower testosterone, reduce facial and body hair, increase chances of pregnancy, reduce body weight, and regulate or restore menstruation-all things tied to the traditional vision of womanhood, all things I had no interest in addressing. They not only operated on assumptions about the gender identity of those seeking out PCOS resources and community, but also presumed a desire to remain committed to a particular performance of that gender identity, staying neatly within the bounds of womanhood and what womanhood is permitted to look like. The language and information I encountered were heavily gendered and cisnormative, often failing to consider the experience of anyone other than cis women. While PCOS is linked to various health conditions-such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and cancer-these were not the things most resources focused on, nor were they discussed with me during my medical diagnosis. But finding those things proved to be quite difficult for me, as someone who is at odds with a binary understanding of gender. PCOS ( Polycystic ovary syndrome) is defined as a hormone disorder characterized by “complex interactions between the ovaries, androgens, other hormones, and insulin.” A significant feature is elevated androgens, or “male hormones.”įollowing my PCOS diagnosis, I went in search of resources and community. The output is then visible at the bottom of the IDE: PhpStorm will start the configured container and run the script. To verify that everything is working, open the file app/hello-world.php in PhpStorm, right click in the editor pane and choose "Run". Note that PhpStorm has automatically configured the path mappings as -v command line option for the Docker container. If that's the case for you, try to click the "Refresh" icon next to "PHP executable".Īfter you hit "OK", you'll be back in the PHP Interpreter screen where our newly configured Docker interpreter should be already selected: Note: Sometimes, this does not work immediately. With information about the PHP and Xdebug versions in the image/container. If all goes well, you should see the following screenshot PhpStorm will now try to create the container and figure out if it can run PHP. In that case, please checkout the repo and build the containers: cd /c/codebase/ This image you've probably not yet built the containers. Next, choose "Docker" from the radio buttons and select our previously created Docker server (named "Docker").Īs image, choose docker-php-tutorial_docker-php-cli:latest (which is one of the images used in this tutorial). In the newly opened pop up click on the "+" sign on the top left and choose "From Docker,Vagrant,VM,Remote." Click on the three dots "." next to "CLI Interpreter". Navigate to File | Settings | Languages & Frameworks | PHP. PhpStorm will automatically validate your settings and show a "Connection successful" info below the path mappings box: In PhpStorm, navigate to File | Settings | Build, Execution, Deployment | Docker. "Expose daemon on tcp://localhost:2375 without TLS". Open the Docker Setting in tab "General" and activate the checkbox that says Enable docker to communicate on port 2375 Next, the script in question is executed and the container When you run a PHP script using this method, PhpStorm will start aĭocker container and configure it automatically (path mappings, network setup. This is the "easier" way and should mostly work "out of the box". via Deployment Configuration (treating docker more or less like a VM) Run PHP via built-in Docker setup In general, there are two ways to run PHP from PhpStorm using Docker:Ģ. Git checkout part_2_setting-up-phpstorm-with-xdebug-for-local-development-on-dockerįurther, make sure to open /c/codebase/docker-php-tutorial as a project in PhpStorm. (unless you've already done that in part 1), checkout branch part_2_setting-up-phpstorm-with-xdebug-for-local-development-on-docker andĪs in part 1, I'm assuming your codebase lives at /c/codesbase: cd /c/codebase/ I'm gonna walk you through all the necessary changes,īut I'd still recommend to clone the corresponding git repository docker-php-tutorial Luckily, we already have a good understanding on how to create the container, although we'll need to make someĪdjustments to make everything work smoothly with PhpStorm. We will only need the php-cli container for this part.
The mosque went on to say that the intention of the visit was to "raise the concerns of the Muslim community around the suffering of Palestinians". "Our strength is in our unity, and we are aware that this visit has weakened and undermined that unity." "We apologise for the hurt and confusion that our hosting of this visit has caused," a statement reads. He added: "I repeated our calls for all hostages to be released, more humanitarian aid to enter Gaza, for the water and power to be switched back on, and a renewed focus on the two state solution."īut the mosque has since issued a statement clarifying its stance on the recent visit and acknowledged "the serious concerns raised by our communities". Over the weekend, the Labour leader shared a post on X, formally Twitter, in which he said he was "grateful to hear from the Muslim community" at the South Wales Islamic Centre. Stay tuned for the very latest as we get it.Ī mosque in South Wales which hosted Sir Keir Starmer has issued an apology for the "hurt and confusion" caused by his visit. Tory peer Lord Timothy Kirkhope at 9.20am.Immigration minister Robert Jenrick at 7.15am.Defence Secretary Grant Shapps will travel to the United Arab Emirates today after visiting Saudi Arabia on Tuesday to discuss the situation in the Middle East.Later on, at 5pm, the BBC's director general Tim Davie will address the 1922 Committee.There was significant backlash to an interview Sir Keir conducted with LBC, but he has since sought to clarify Labour's position on the conflict.Meanwhile, we understand that Labour's Muslim MPs and peers will today meet with Sir Keir Starmer and Angela Rayner to discuss the party's position on the conflict in Israel and Gaza.What better way to celebrate his year in office than with Prime Minister's Questions, which Mr Sunak will face in the Commons at midday.Today marks the first anniversary of Rishi Sunak becoming prime minister, after the short and tumultuous Liz Truss premiership.Welcome back to the Politics Hub for minute-by-minute updates from the heart of Westminster. You can read more from Sky News in the link below: Sky News understands that there will be a meeting tomorrow in which Sir Keir and his deputy Angela Rayner will meet Muslim MPs to address the ongoing situation. The statement has reignited tensions within the Labour Party over its stance on Gaza, with one source telling Sky News there had been a "pattern of behaviour" that had been "deeply insensitive" to the Muslim community and left some MPs and staff "in tears". It said subsequent social media posts by Sir Keir "gravely misrepresented our congregants and the nature of the visit" which it said "put the South Wales Islamic Centre and the wider Muslim community into disrepute". The South Wales Islamic Centre issued a statement late on Tuesday evening in which it sought to "clarify our stance" following the Labour leader's visit on Sunday. "The prime minister has proven he is the only person who is determined to change that."Ī mosque in South Wales that hosted Sir Keir Starmer has apologised for the "hurt and confusion" caused by the visit after a backlash from some within the Muslim community. He added: "But for the last 30 years, the prime minister recognises that there has been too much short-term political decision making, politicians taking the easy way out, ducking the hard choices, rather than fixing the underlying problems. Since then we have made good progress towards halving inflation, growing the economy, reducing debt, cutting NHS waiting lists, and stopping the boats," he said. "When Rishi Sunak became prime minister a year ago today, he took immediate action to support families with the cost of living, paying half their energy bills. Tory chairman Greg Hands today praised the prime minister, while acknowledging that there is "more to do". He will face Sir Keir Starmer at Prime Minister's Questions as Westminster remains largely occupied by the conflict between Israel and Hamas in Gaza. The prime minister's spokesman said Mr Sunak "is more focused on the continual delivery for the public rather than marking an anniversary". Mr Sunak may have steadied the ship after his predecessor's 49-day spell as prime minister, but he remains lagging a distant second behind Labour in the polls. Rishi Sunak will today mark his one year anniversary of becoming prime minister - a premiership already seven times longer than his predecessor's.ĭespite the anniversary, Number 10 is eager to dispel suggestions that there will be celebrations of any kind as Mr Sunak faces entrenched unease among Tories. You may need to unlock your Kindle Fire HD before it can be opened on your computer.Ĥ. Open the Kindle drive you will see several folders inside. For Windows users, this is typically in the "Computer" or "My Computer" menu.ģ. Once you've connected your Kindle Fire HD to a computer with a USB cable (sold separately), your Kindle Fire HD will appear in the same location as external USB drives usually appear. Connect Kindle Fire HD to your PC via USB.Ģ. * USB port: An available port or an attached USB hub with an available port.ġ. Visit /filetransfer and follow the onscreen instructions. Note: Mac users need to install a free app, Android File Transfer, to complete a USB transfer. Visit the USB Transfer Tools page for details. Windows XP users may be required to update their copy of Windows Media Player. When your Kindle Fire is plugged into your computer, it will appear as a removable mass-storage device. Both Macintosh and Windows users can download and transfer compatible content files from a computer to Kindle Fire HD device using a compatible USB cable. You can transfer content files from a Windows or Mac computer to your Kindle Fire HD device, including books, music, video, photos, and documents, using the USB cable that came with your Kindle. Method 1: Drag & Drop - USB Wired Transfer Here I will throw up three methods to transfer music, photos and videos to your Kindle Fire HD Tablet, you can pick the method that's best for you. There are several ways for you to transfer a variety of content from a Windows or Mac computer to your Kindle Fire HD. Equipped with a most impressive-looking 7-inch tablet screen, a long battery life and considering its obvious portability, the Amazon Kindle Fire HD is really a top-notch on-the-go entertainment device for browsing, playing, reading outdoors. 656 County Hwy 33, Cooperstown, NY 13326. ‘Sustainability’ is only continuing to do what you’ve always done, whereas ‘regeneration’ actually brings soil back to life. The vineyards run along these hills perpendicularly to the slope, following. We do that by owning all of our organically-certified vineyards and by practicing the most progressive and effective farming method regenerative agriculture. Hanford Mills Museum: historic working mill site. The man and the hill: a challenging harmony. Hunter Mountain 51įenimore Art Museum & Farmers Museum - 5798 SR 80, Cooperstown 60. New York Zipline Tours: ziplines, rope bridges and climbing tower. Nestled in the hills overlooking the quaint, artisan town of Harmony, just off Highway 1, Harmony Cellars Winery produces award-winning wines and offers a. On board train you will pass rural hamlets, farmland and historic sites. 60.ĭelaware & Ulster Railroad: Heritage railroad. Hobart Book Village: An eclectic group of book stores with readings and events. Andes 84.ĭelhi: Stewart’s Department Store 85-87 Main Street, an icon from the 1800’s Flat packed gravel rail trail through farmland from Bloomville to RoxburyĪndes: Andes Art & Antiques: 173 Main St. 26 miles for hiking, biking, horseback riding and x-country skiing. Family-oriented ski mountain with 35+ trails & tubing hills, plus scenic lift rides & summer biking. Mt Utsayantha. Fire Tower 3214 foot elevation. Gilbert Lake State Park. 18 CCC Rd, Laurens 13796. 25 Institute St, Franklin, NY 60ĭelhi on Wednesdays 9am-2pm at Courthouse Squareįranklin on Sundays 10am-2pm on 25 Institute St. 60įranklin Stage Company: Admission-free innovative and classic professional theater in historic chapel hall. The concert season runs from Memorial Day through late October. West Kortright Center: Known near and far for its outstanding and diverse performance series in an historic country church. *Available for every ticket holder 21 years of age and older.6Portlandville and Cooperstown Rental locations Wine tastings for non ticket-holders start at $6 to taste five wines.įollow Natchez Hills on Facebook and Instagram to learn more. A selection of branded merchandise is also available to shop inside the tasting space. Wine flights, wine by the glass, wine by the bottle and crowd favorite wine slushes are all available for guests, as well as local craft beer on tap. Sample locally curated flights and bites with the Wine and Wheel by the Spring package or grab a picnic tote to enjoy a charcuterie and cheese box with your favorite Natchez Hills wine while on the historic property.ĬLICK HERE TO LEARN MORE Your Ticket and Wine TastingĮach ticket purchased at The Hermitage includes a discounted wine tasting* inside the tasting room. No matter what kind of wine you enjoy, there is something for everyone at Natchez Hills Winery at Andrew Jackson’s Hermitage. Enjoy indoor and outdoor seating overlooking the beautiful Hermitage grounds or take a wine slush to go for a walk around the property. Natchez Hills Winery at Andrew Jackson’s Hermitage offers guests the experience of enjoying and learning more about the 7 th President’s historical ties to wine while tasting wines made locally here in Middle Tennessee! Knowledgeable staff will guide you through a tasting of different varietals, educating new wine drinkers and sharing stories with the seasoned connoisseur. Natchez Hills Winery at Andrew Jackson’s Hermitage and Offerings Now, with a wine tasting room at Andrew Jackson’s Hermitage, the Natchez Hills family hopes guests will leave knowing more about Andrew Jackson all while cultivating a greater appreciation of the growing Tennessee wine region. Located at 30402 Freeman Road in Logan, Hocking Hills Winery serves up locally crafted wine from estate vineyards. Based in Hampshire, Tennessee, Natchez Hills produces and distributes small batch, old-world style wines using traditional winemaking techniques to ensure the grape’s truest expression.Īt its core, Natchez Hills was born from a vision to create a first-class, local destination where people from all over the world can enjoy the best of what Middle Tennessee has to offer and leave with new memories and lasting stories. Much more than a traditional vineyard, Hocking Hills Winery is a place that was built on the belief that wine should bring friends, family, and food together in perfect harmony. South of Nashville near the historic Natchez Trace lies Natchez Hills Winery and Vineyard, a boutique family-owned vineyard and winery. Olusegun Obasanjo served the longest period for eleven years, two hundred and thirty days combined. Yakubu Gowon served the longest continuous period of almost nine years before being deposed while he was away from the country in 1975. Murtala Muhammed served 199 days in the position. Aguiyi-Ironsi served 194 days in the office, the shortest for a permanent head of state. The interim government of Ernest Shonekan who was deposed 83 days after taking office in 1993 is the shortest in Nigeria's history not including the tenure of Sir James Robertson who served 46 days as governor-general immediately after independence. Shagari was also the first president to be elected to the position. The first ceremonial president, who served during the first republic was Nnamdi Azikiwe, while the first executive president of Nigeria was Shehu Shagari. Olusegun Obasanjo and Muhammadu Buhari both served two non-consecutive periods as head of state, first as military officers and then later as civilians. The incumbent president Bola Tinubu is the nation's 16th head of state. Since Nigeria became a republic in 1963, 14 individuals have served as head of state of Nigeria under different titles. Nnamdi Azikiwe served as the only indigenous governor-general of Nigeria. Nigeria became a republic within the Commonwealth under the Constitution of 1963 and the monarch and governor-general were replaced by a ceremonial president. The monarch was represented in Nigeria by a governor-general. įrom 1960 to 1963, the head of state under the Constitution of 1960 was the queen of Nigeria, Elizabeth II who was also the queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. The current constitution of Nigeria has the president of Nigeria as the head of state and government. This is a list of the heads of state of Nigeria, from independence in 1960 to the present day. |
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